A parenthetical citation is set off at the end of a sentence by parentheses.Each parenthetical citation must have a matching source that appears in the reference list at the end of the manuscript, including the citations found in endnotes and in the source notes of tables and figures.However, authors have a responsibility to return to the citations and make sure that they align with APSA style (14.5). Citation management tools, free or otherwise, can be used online to circumvent creating citations from scratch.This section details the author-date style which may be a change for some authors. The main contrasting features of the author-date citation style is the use of parenthetical in-text citations as opposed to citations in footnotes or endnotes. While Chicago Style details two separate citation styles, the notes and bibliography style and the author-date style, APSA journals employ the author-date style preferred by many in the physical, natural, and social sciences (15.1).Now, in many online journals, hyperlinked citations connect directly to the reference list or to source’s URL for readers to jump right to either the list or the source (14.6). The citations refer the reader to the full source information in the reference list at the end of the manuscript, and are therefore an essential aspect of a manuscript. Citations are required for direct quotations, paraphrasing, and facts or opinions not generally known or easily checked (14.1). Brief notes on sources appear in the text as citations, providing immediate source information without interrupting the flow of the manuscript.
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